coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. in this study, we compared two surgical methods of left internal mammary artery (lima) anastomosis on left anterior descending (lad) artery in patients with severe diffuse lesions. a total of 40 patients were included in our study and randomly assigned into two groups. in group a, after a long arteriotomy on lad, the posterior sur...

Coronary angiography and computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of extrinsic compression of left internal mammary artery A 82-year-old man with a previous coronary artery bypass graft was admitted to our hospital for recurrent and refractory episodes of rest angina with electrocardio-graphic signs of anterior myocardial ischemia. Coronary angiography revealed a three-vessel obstructiv...

BACKGROUND The superior long-term patency of internal mammary artery coronary bypass grafts compared with venous grafts has been attributed in part to increased endothelium-derived nitric oxide (. NO) production. Interest in the radial artery as an alternative bypass conduit has recently been revived; however, its biological characteristics remain incompletely defined. The purpose of this study...

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery found in a symptomatic 9-year-old boy was initially treated with coronary artery bypass grafting using a left internal mammary artery anastomoses to the left anterior descending coronary artery, but resulted in coronary ischemia, likely from a steal phenomenon. Subsequent transection of the proximal left internal mammary artery with anastomosis to th...

A growing body of evidence suggests that the angiotensin II fragments, Ang(1-7) and Ang(3-8), have a vasoactive role, however ACE2, the enzyme that produces Ang(1-7), or AT4R, the receptor that binds Ang (3-8), have yet been simultaneously localised in both normal and diseased human conduit blood vessels. We sought to determine the immunohistochemical distribution of ACE2 and the AT4R in human ...

ide, Q , the P f this 2) sele A 67-year-old diabetic man with a pacemaker for symptomatic bradycardia underwent cardiac catheterization for unstable angina, 19 years after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. There were bilateral pedicled internal mammary grafts—from the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and from the right internal mamma...

I nternal mammary artery rupture is one of the uncommon complications after blunt chest trauma. In general, internal mammary artery rupture after chest trauma is associated with other injuries, including fractures, dislocation, lung contusions, and neurological impairment due to hypovolemia. Characteristic computed tomography (CT) and plain chest x ray findings might suggest the diagnosis of in...

In their search to find ways to reduce ischemia and possibly prevent death in patients with refractory angina, Stoller and Seiler, in 2014, moved into an undiscovered country and advanced a novel therapeutic strategy involving stimulation of extracardiac collaterals through occlusion of the internal mammary artery. In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions, Stoller and Seiler t...