Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are products of condensed ethylene oxide and water that can have various derivatives and functions. Since many PEG types are hydrophilic, they are favorably used as penetration enhancers, especially in topical dermatological preparations. PEGs, together with their typically nonionic derivatives, are broadly utilized in cosmetic products as surfactants, emulsifiers, c...

The pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PDHC) was found to be upregulated by osmotic stress in the osmotolerant pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Upregulation was detectable in the levels of both activity and protein and was judged to be about fourfold when sodium chloride was used to adjust the water activity (a(w)) of the growth medium to 0.94. The upregulation of the PDHC was also foun...

Contact dermatitis due to cosmetic products is a common dermatologic complaint that considerably affects the patient's quality of life. Diagnosis, treatment, and preventive strategies represent a substantial cost. This condition accounts for 2% to 4% of all visits to the dermatologist, and approximately 60% of cases are allergic in origin. Most cases are caused by skin hygiene and moisturizing ...

Cigarette production involves a number of substances and materials other than just tobacco, paper and a filter. Tobacco additives include flavorings, enhancers, humectants, sugars, and ammonium compounds. Although companies maintain that tobacco additives do not enhance smoke toxicity and do not make cigarettes more attractive or addictive, these claims are questioned by independent researchers...

Lipid nanoparticle is one of the dosage forms that have a particle size 1-100 nm. systems aggregation causes an increase in with storage time so carrier needed can reduce aggregation. The lipid system formulated gel preparations add to matrix thereby reducing Central Composite Design (CCD) part experimental design Response Surface Methodology be used determine optimization gelling agents and hu...

In this study three cream formulations were compared in order to assess the influence of different kind of excipients on the skin barrier and stratum corneum hydration. The first cream was formulated based on lipophilic emollients: petrolatum, paraffin oil, cetylstearilic alcohol, cetyl palmitate and paraffin, the second cream was formulated based on emollients (cetylstearilic alcohol, cetyl pa...

Abstract Surface modification by humectants is an important technology to improve product quality in textile field, healthcare, tobacco processing and paper-making industry. As a common humectant glycerol applied keep the moisture adsorbability of plant fibers during manufacturing. The effects on adsorption were studied analyzing induced differences bulk surface physicochemical property with XR...