Sediment erosion not only reduces efficiency and life of hydropower turbines but also causes problems in operation and maintenance. Several factors are responsible for this erosion in hydro turbine components. This paper presents the sediment erosion types in hydraulic turbines and their components based upon an extensive literature review and the field observation at Cahua hydropower plant, Pe...

1. A small number of species-rich plant genera make a substantial contribution to the a diversity of tropical forests. These ‘species swarms’ (Gentry 1982) challenge a view of community assembly that maintains that niche overlap, and hence, the likelihood of competitive exclusion should increase with phylogenetic affinity. Related species may, however, occupy different microhabitats within a fo...

Hydraulic systems are widely used in Engineering because they are highly versatile and can be combined with other domains of physics (mechanics, electronics, etc.). For this reason, it is of vital importance to study and develop them with a view to obtaining mechanicalhydraulic systems that are increasingly efficient. The beginning of this paper briefly analyses the method usually used to perfo...

[1] Spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity exerts a predominant control on groundwater flow by influencing advective pathways, hydrodynamic dispersion, and density-dependent instabilities. Space-local spectral texture segmentation aids in the macroscale characterization of the spatial heterogeneity of natural porous media via an outcrop analogue approach. Detailed photographic data sets ...

Microbial activity in produced water from hydraulic fracturing operations can lead to undesired environmental impacts and increase gas production costs. However, the metabolic profile of these microbial communities is not well understood. Here, for the first time, we present results from a shotgun metagenome of microbial communities in both hydraulic fracturing source water and wastewater produ...

The xylem hydraulic efficiency and safety is usually measured on mechanically unstressed samples, although trees may be exposed to combined hydraulic and mechanical stress in the field. We analysed changes in hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability to drought-induced embolism during static bending of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris branches as well as the effect of dynamic bending on the vuln...

We studied relationships among branch hydraulic conductivity, xylem embolism, stomatal conductance (gs), foliar nitrogen (N) concentration and specific leaf area (SLA) of seven tree species growing at four temperate woodland sites spanning a 464-1350 mm rainfall gradient. Specifically, we examined the question: are gs and foliar N concentration coordinated with branch hydraulic conductivity and...

Hydraulic jumps have immense practical utility in hydraulic engineering and allied fields, such as energy dissipater to dissipate the excess energy of flowing water downstream of hydraulic structures (spillways and sluice gates), efficient operation of flow measurement flumes, chlorinating of wastewater, aeration of streams which are polluted by biodegradable wastes and many other cases. The le...