The electrowinning of copper ions derived from leaching, or solvent extraction is a significant contributor to the global copper commodity supply. The process of electrolysis for copper was first developed in the late 19th century and despite numerous advancements in technology the principles and basic equipment remain the same. The first part of this paper deals with the theoretical requiremen...

This study aimed at a quantitative analysis of the material flows associated with End Life (EoL) lithium-ion batteries’ (LIBs) materials in Europe. The European electric vehicles fleet 2020 was taken as case study, assuming 10-year lifetime for batteries and that related EoL LIBs would be processed by existing recycling plants via pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, or their combination sequence. ...

A new eco-friendly process to comprehensively utilize boron-concentrate is proposed in this paper. In process, Iron-concentrate, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, and boric acid could be produced from boron-concentrate. The highlight of was minimal waste discharge during the whole process. Iron removal a key step ensure quality oxide. introduced goethite precipitation method remove iron very lo...

A hydrometallurgical process for recycling spent Zn-MnO2 batteries was developed, involving leaching with sulfuric acid, purification by precipitation and metals separation for further recovery. Leaching of zinc oxide was easily attained while for manganese oxide was rather difficult depending on temperature and acid concentration. At 90oC and with the liquid/solid ratio of 20 L/kg, more than 9...