Renal tubular acidosis type 1, also called distal renal tubular acidosis, is characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, and low urinary NH4. Its etiology is variable and includes sporadic, hereditary, and acquired forms. It should be differentiated from other forms of RTA and other causes of metabolic acidosis. Long-term alkali therapy is th...

Renal tubular acidosis type 1, also called distal renal tubular acidosis, is characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, and low urinary NH4. Its etiology is variable and includes sporadic, hereditary, and acquired forms. It should be differentiated from other forms of RTA and other causes of metabolic acidosis. Long-term alkali therapy is th...

Renal tubular acidosis type 1, also called distal renal tubular acidosis, is characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, and low urinary NH4. Its etiology is variable and includes sporadic, hereditary, and acquired forms. It should be differentiated from other forms of RTA and other causes of metabolic acidosis. Long-term alkali therapy is th...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is a renal malformation typically associated with nephrocalcinosis and recurrent calcium stones. Incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis, hypocitraturia, and hypercalciuria are common. For stone prevention, patients with MSK generally receive the standard "stone clinic" recommendations and often receive potassium citrate (KC). However, th...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the preventive effects of alkaline citrate on stone recurrence as well as stone growth post-ESWL or PCNL in patients with calcium-containing stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 76 patients with calcium calculi who were stone-free or had residual stones less than 4 mm following ESWL and PCNL were enrolled. All patients were independently randomized into two groups. T...

The incidence of adult urolithiasis has increased significantly in industrialized countries over the past decades. Sound incidence rates are not available for children, nor are they known for nephrocalcinosis, which can appear as a single entity or together with urolithiasis. In contrast to the adult kidney stone patient, where environmental factors are the main cause, genetic and/or metabolic ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the presence of metabolic disorders in elderly men with urolithiasis. METHODS We performed a case-control study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) men older than 60 years of age and either (2) antecedent renal colic or an incidental diagnosis of urinary lithiasis after age 60 (case arm) or (3) no antecedent renal colic or incidental diagnosis of urolithiasis (con...