Hypoestrogenism is referred to lower than normal serum levels of estrogen. Hypoestrogenism can be regarded as typical and physiological in postmenopausal women. However, hypoestrogenism which oocurs in young women is related to pathological background. There are two groups of disorders in young women related to hypoestrogenism: hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. H...

Mutation on NROB1 (DAX1) gene can cause different phenotypes of adrenal insufficiency in infancy. Long-term evolution of these patients shows that it is possible to have an association with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In this article we describe the evolution of a patient with NROB1 gene mutation, diagnosed with a mild form of adrenal insufficiency, and we highlight the presence of hypogonad...

A 65-year-old man was referred to our clinic for the rehabilitation of right hemiparesis caused by ischaemic stroke. Hypertension, postphlebitic syndrome of lower limbs, frequent nose bleeding, and anemia were present in his history; in his adolescence, he was treated for idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Further investigations have revealed also microsomia, suggesting a clinical diagno...

Heart failure and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism are the most frequent clinical problems encountered in patients with juvenile idiopathic hemochromatosis (JIH). In this context, amenorrhea is one of the first symptoms in female patients, and hormone therapy must be added to phlebotomy to restore menstrual cycles. Here we report the case of a woman in childbearing age with hypogonadotropic hypogo...

Background: To evaluate the outcomes of using in vitro fertilization (IVF)/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI cycle) techniques in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism women and comparing them to women with tubal factor infertility. Materials and Methods: Data from 81 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) patients treated with IVF/ICSI in the period from early 2009 until the end of 2010 were analyze...

Background: Male idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a heterogeneous clinical rare genetic disorder that can be divided into two forms: Kallmann syndrome (KS) and olfactory normal IHH (nIHH). Nearly half of unknown pathogenic genes related mechanisms have yet to explored.

Clinical findings and endocrine studies are reported concerning six subjects (from two pedigrees) suffering from isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Their complete lack of any gonadotropin response to clomiphene stimulation, together with positive responses of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to LH-releasing-hormone stimulation (LH-RH) provide evidence for a h...