It is difficult to predict precisely the final neurologic outcome from cardiac arrest and accompanying cerebral hypoxia. Although rare, several movement disorders may arise as a consequence of hypoxic injury, including myoclonus, dystonia, akinetic-rigid syndromes, tremor, and chorea. Dys-function of various portions of the central nervous system, including the basal ganglia, thalamus, midbrain...

Myoclonus refers to sudden, brief, shock-like involuntary movements, caused by muscular contractions (positive myoclonus) or inhibitions (negative myoclonus) arising from the central nervous system. This definition excludes the muscular twitches or fasciculation due to lesions of the lower motor neurons. 1 Myoclonus has been observed in patients with various neurological conditions including ep...

Although glycogen is the only carbohydrate reserve of the brain, its overall contribution to brain functions remains unclear. It has been proposed that glycogen participates in the preservation of such functions during hypoxia. Several reports also describe a relationship between brain glycogen and susceptibility to epilepsy. To address these issues, we used our brain-specific Glycogen Synthase...

conclusions intravenous etomidate 0.03 mg/kg prior to induction can effectively reduce the incidence and severity of myoclonus linked to etomidate. results the incidence and intensity of myoclonus were significantly lower in the low-dose etomidate group. the incidence rates of myoclonus were 51 (71.85%), 61 (85.9%), 30 (42.3%) and 41 (57.7%), and the percentages of patients who experienced grad...

AIM To assess the diagnostic value of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (EEG) in comparison to standard EEG in newborns without severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who were at risk for seizures. METHODS The study included a consecutive series of 18 term newborns without severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, but with clinical signs suspicious of epileptic seizures, history of lo...

UNLABELLED Proper treatment of hypoxic myoclonic status is not clearly determined. Induced hypothermia is improving prognosis and a more aggressive treatment might be beneficial in some patients. Among the new options of antiepileptic drugs, perampanel (PER) is a drug with a novel mechanism, and it might be a promising drug for myoclonic status or as an antimyoclonic drug. We describe the use o...

INTRODUCTION Typical spike-and-wave activity (TSWA) in the electroencephalogram (EEG) indicates idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). IGE-related nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is typically an absence status epilepticus (ASE). ASE and TSWA respond dramatically to benzodiazepines. Patients with no history of seizure/epilepsy may develop ASE "de novo" in the context of an acute brain di...

Spinal myoclonus is a sudden, brief, and involuntary movement of segmental or propriospinal muscle groups. Spinal myoclonus has occasionally been reported in patients undergoing opioid therapy, but the pathophysiology of opioid-induced myoclonus has not been elucidated yet. Here, we present two patients with spinal segmental myoclonus secondary to ischemic and radiation myelopathy. Conventional...