How do governors’ reelection motives affect policy experimentation? We develop a theoretical model of this situation, and then test the predictions in data on US state-level welfare reforms from 1978 to 2007. This period marked most dramatic shift social since New Deal. Our findings indicate that governors with strong electoral support are less likely experiment than little support. Yet, who ca...

Inequality still becomes popular issue in the establishment of developing countries. Aside from income inequality, human development inequality is considered as an interesting topic for further study, terms resuming solution. The purpose this study specific identifying gap between origin and new regencies Eastern Indonesia well determinant. This uses a positivist perspective with deductive appr...

We study the impact of group-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT ) for individuals selected from general population poor households in rural Ghana (N = 7,227). Results one to three months after program show strong impacts on mental and perceived physical health, socioemotional skills, economic self-perceptions. These effects hold regardless baseline distress. argue that this is because CBT ...

Disadvantaged students perform differentially worse when randomly given a financially salient mathematics exam. For with socioeconomic indicators below the national median, 10 percentage point increase in share of monetary themed questions depresses exam performance by 0.026 standard deviations, about 6 percent their gap. Using question-level data, I confirm role financial salience comparing on...

Using detailed household-level data from Malawi on physical quantities of agricultural outputs and inputs, we measure farm total factor productivity (TFP), controlling for land quality, rain, transitory shocks. We find that operated size capital are essentially unrelated to TFP, implying substantial misallocation. The output gain a reallocation factors their efficient use among existing farmers...

We evaluate an intervention targeting early life nutrition and well-being for households in extreme poverty Northern Nigeria. The leads to large sustained improvements children’s anthropometric health outcomes, including 8 percent reduction stunting 4 years, post-intervention. These impacts are partly driven by information-related channels. However, the certain substantial flow of cash transfer...

There is increasing interest in the investigation of so-called mechanical proteins. These are common in specialized tissues involved in contraction, cell adhesion, and detection of mechanical stimuli, such as skeletal and cardiac striated muscle, connective tissue, and various kinds of epithelia. The development of methods for manipulating single molecules, particularly atomic force microscopy ...

Child Poverty and Changes in Child Poverty in Rich Countries Since 1990 This paper documents levels and changes in child poverty rates in 12 OECD countries using data from the Luxembourg Income Study project, and focusing upon an analysis of the reasons for changes over the 1990s. The objective is to uncover the relative role of income transfers from the state in determining the magnitude and d...

This paper adopts the “Rip Van Winkle” stratagem, of asking what differences would be noticed, in the domain of poverty and distribution, by someone who fell asleep in 1987 (the year I published my paper on poverty in the IMF Staff Papers, and woke up only in 2007 (the year I visited the IMF to work on the present paper). I highlight, somewhat idiosyncratically, ten such differences under three...

This paper surveys the status of food security in the South Asian countries, particularly India. Particular attention has been paid to small landholders (those households owning less than 2 hectares of land). Using NSS data from 1993–94 and 2004–05 the paper shows that small landholders are an increasing proportion of i) total rural households, ii) rural households who are poor, and iii) rural ...