The implications of the biologically active elements in milk for the mammalian infant are largely unknown. Animal models demonstrate that transmission of glucocorticoids through milk influences behavior and modifies brain development in offspring. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between human milk cortisol levels and temperament of the breastfed infant. Fifty-two mother and ...

The Illness Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ) of Pilowsky and Spence (1981), which was developed as a self report instrument to record aspects of "Illness Behaviour" particularly those attitudes that suggest inappropriate or maladaptive modes of responding to one's state of health (Pilowsky 1971), was translated into Hindi and adapted. Factor analysis of the data revealed four meaningful factors wh...

Abstract Introduction Healthy sleep patterns are crucial for proper brain development in infancy. However, little is known about the relationship between early disturbances and functional connectivity. The thalamus plays a critical role regulation of wakefulness, undergoes rapid growth first year. Therefore, we examined how thalamic connectivity relates to sleep-onset problems during 6 months l...

OBJECTIVES The illness behavior questionnaire (IBQ) is a test battery developed by Pilowsky to detect what he has termed abnormal illness behavior, which includes malingering. The IBQ has been widely utilized in patients with chronic pain (PWCP). Clayer developed a 21-item scale out of the IBQ, which he termed the conscious exaggeration (CE) scale. He proposed that the CE scale could detect con...

The description of psychological aspects of fibromyalgia are similar to those of other patients with chronic pain. Three groups, a chronic pain group (n = 99), a nonchronic pain group (n = 34) and a fibromyalgia group (n = 36) were compared, using a standardized interview and psychological questionnaires (SCL-90R, IBQ and CIPI). It appeared that the chronic pain group and the nonchronic pain gr...