[1] An analysis of 96 snow pit and ice cores distributed over the Greenland ice sheet is used to determine the main drivers of variability in the preserved records of nitrate concentration. The data set provides samples from spatially distributed locations, allowing us to investigate the effect of snow accumulation rate, temperature, and sublimation on nitrate concentration. The mean ice sheet ...

The changes in physicochemical properties of salt-soluble proteins and gel prepared with chicken breast muscles during −1.5oC (ice-temperature) 4oC (refrigerated temperature) storage were investigated. Compared the samples stored group, decrease solubility, content total sulfhydryl available groups SSP from at was effectively delayed, increase both surface hydrophobicity disulfide bond obviousl...

The freeze substitution histological technique allows the indirect light microscopicobservation and the quantitative evaluation of ice crystal size in frozen tissues. Theuseofchemical fixatives in substitu ting fluids improves morphological and histochemical preservation of the tissue. Fixation conditions become important since this step can introduce modifications in crystal sizes . Effects of...

Ice slurry precooling technology is a preservation that has unique advantages in the of fruits and vegetables. It can make vegetables quickly drop to suitable storage temperature. This paper summarizes preparation methods ice slurry, including wall scraping method, undercooling vacuum fluidized bed direct contact method. The which been widely used industry commerce, main method design dynamic s...

An improved method of banking the donor material at low temperature is described, entailing the immersion of the cornea with an attached rim of sclera in medium containing dimethyl sulphoxide. The storage temperature is that of liquid nitrogen (1960 C.) instead of that of solid carbon dioxide (79° C.), as formerly used. Though the results with deep-frozen donor material were superior to those w...

Shipping influenza virus specimens, isolates or purified RNA is normally conducted at ultra-low temperatures using dry ice to ensure minimal degradation of the samples but this is expensive and requires special packaging and shipping conditions. Therefore, alternative methods for shipping influenza viruses or RNA at ambient temperatures would be desirable. The RNASound RNA Sampling Card (Fortiu...

[1] We report new century-scale ice core records of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a major atmospheric oxidant, from 23 locations across the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and use the spatial variability of (multi-) annual mean H2O2 concentrations in snow and firn to investigate the sensitivity of ice core H2O2 preservation to mean annual temperature and accumulation rate. In agreement with the ice...

Research that uses stable isotope analysis often involves a delay between sample collection in the field and laboratory processing, therefore requiring preservation to prevent or reduce tissue degradation and associated isotopic compositions. Although there is a growing literature describing the effects of various preservation techniques, the results are often contextual, unpredictable and vary...

Recent proxy measurements reveal that subglacial lakes beneath modern ice sheets periodically store and release large volumes of water, providing an important but poorly understood influence on contemporary ice dynamics and mass balance. This is because direct observations of how lake drainage initiates and proceeds are lacking. Here we present physical evidence of the mechanism and geometry of...

INTRODUCTION 'Ice Mile' swimming is a new discipline in open-water swimming introduced in 2009. This case study investigated changes in body core temperature during preparation for and completion of two official 'Ice Miles', defined as swimming 1.609 km in water of 5°C or colder, in one swimmer. CASE DESCRIPTION One experienced ice swimmer (56 years old, 110.2 kg body mass, 1.76 m body height...