Objectives. At the completion of this activity, the participant will be able to: 1. define the terms prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic and the differences between these supplements; 2. recognize the mechanism of action of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in conferring benefit to patients; 3. demonstrate an understanding of conditions in which prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) plus long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) versus higher doses of ICS in children/adolescents with uncontrolled persistent asthma. METHODS Randomized, prospective, controlled trials published January 1996 to January 2012 with a minimum of 4 weeks of LABA+ICS versus higher doses of ICS were retrieved through Medline, Embase, Central, a...

The San Francisco City Hall was open for all participants the whole evening. The building was fi rst open to public in 1915. Its dome, which owes much to Mansart‘s Baroque dome of Les Invalides, Paris, is the fi fth largest dome in the world. The City Hall was build by Arthur Brown Jr. who also designed San Francisco‘s War Memorial Opera House, Veterans Building, Temple Emanuel, Coit Tower and ...

Isochorismate synthase (ICS) converts chorismate to isochorismate for the biosynthesis of phylloquinone, an essential cofactor for photosynthetic electron transport. ICS is also required for salicylic acid (SA) synthesis during Arabidopsis defense. In several other species, including Populus, SA is derived primarily from the phenylpropanoid pathway. We therefore sought to investigate ICS regula...

OBJECTIVES The primary aim of the study was to gain insight into the relative risk of clinically relevant oral candidiasis following inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) initiation over time. A secondary aim was to analyse the influence of patient characteristics and co-medication on the occurrence of this adverse effect. METHODS Drug prescription data from 1994 to 2011 were retrieved from the IADB.n...