Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neuropsychiatric disorder and a common cause of progressive dementia. Diltiazem (DTZ), the non-dihydropyridine benzothiazepine class calcium channel blocker (CCB), used clinically in angina other cardiovascular disorders, has proven neurological benefits. In present study, neuroprotective anti-dementia effects DTZ against intra-cerebroventricular-strep...

Glucagon-like peptide 1 is a compound known to cause reduced food intake in mammals, though its action on feed intake in fish is unknown. The clear differences in the effects of GLP-1 on mammalian and teleostean glucose homeostasis suggest that we cannot assume a similar action of GLP-1 on feeding in mammals and fish. In this study the effects and specificity of centrally administered GLP-1 on ...

this study was conducted to investigate the possible involvement of the histaminergic system in themediation of ghrelin-induced feeding behavior in broiler chickens. in the trial 1, the effect ofintracerebroventricular (icv) injection of ghrelin on feed intake was examined in 3-h feed-deprived broilerchickens. in the trials 2 and 3, the chickens were received icv chlorpheniramine (an h1 recepto...

PURPOSE Urocortin 3 is a key neuromodulator in the regulation of stress, anxiety, food intake, gut motility, and energy homeostasis, while ghrelin elicits feeding behavior and enhances gastric emptying, adiposity, and positive energy balance. However, the interplays between urocortin 3 and ghrelin on food intake and gastric emptying remain uninvestigated. METHODS We examined the differential ...

In the present study, the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of normal saline (control), histamine, mepyramine (a histamine H1-receptor antagonist) and ranitidine (a histamine H2-receptor antagonist) were investigated on the formalin-induced pain in rabbits. Subcutaneous (SC) injection of a formalin (100 μl, 5%) solution into the ventral surface of the right hind paw was pe...

Pain is a complex process in the central nervous system (CNS). Several factors can alter the pain threshold and insulin is one of them which is produced by the beta cells of pancreas and capable of crossing blood-brain barrier. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intra-cerebroventricular (ICV) injection of insulin on the pain response to formalin in short-term induced diabetic ...

Since few previous studies have examined the effects of urocortin on physiological fed and fasted gastrointestinal motility, we administered urocortin intracerebroventricularly (icv) or intravenously (iv) in freely moving conscious rats and examined the changes in antral and duodenal motility. Icv and iv injection of urocortin disrupted fasted motor patterns of gastroduodenal motility, which we...

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of Neuromedin U (NMU), a hypothalamic neuropeptide, or leptin, an adipostat hormone released from adipose tissue, reduces food intake and increases energy expenditure. Leptin stimulates the release of NMU in vitro, and NMU expression is reduced in models of low or absent leptin. We investigated the role of NMU in mediating leptin-induced satiety. ICV...

BACKGROUND Left ventricular (LV) remodeling and activation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) are cardinal features of heart failure. We previously demonstrated that enhanced central sympathetic outflow is associated with brain toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) probably mediated by brain angiotensin II type 1 receptor in mice with myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure. The purpose of the ...

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. This disease is a progressive and irreversible brain disorder accompanied with severe learning and memory impairment. Exercise increases cognitive ability, attenuates motor deficits, increases new neuron formation, and ameliorates neurological impairments in several neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated the effects of tread...