This response addresses the data analysis issues raised by Wierenga and van Bruggen (1998) concerning Massetti (1998). Their analysis suggestions were performed and resulted in no significant differences between the treatment conditions. However, these analyses are misleading because of normality and variance problems present in Massetti’s dataset. Specifically, not controlling for individual p...

Vegetarianism provides a model system to examine the impact of negative affect towards meat, based on ideational reasoning. It was hypothesized that meat stimuli are efficient attention catchers in vegetarians. Event-related brain potential recordings served to index selective attention processes at the level of initial stimulus perception. Consistent with the hypothesis, late positive potentia...

Since 2018, an increasing number of Iran-backed armed groups have started to be integrated into the Syrian and Iraqi official forces. The integration allows Tehran enjoy a multi-layered, longer-term, potentially less expensive influence in Iraq Syria. Besides, underlying ideological ideational ties between Iran continue affect their strategic choices. Meanwhile, order preserve its ability direc...

Existing ideational approaches to nativism tend conflate the concept with nationalism, xenophobia and populism, as well overlooking role of racism racialisation in process constructing non-native ‘out-group’, against native ‘in-group’. Inspired by Discourse Theoretical approach this article offers a significant conceptual contribution studies on far right interpreting racist xenophobic discours...