the purpose of this study is deconstruction the concept of “individual differences” to achieve educational justice and critique of its implications from habermas's reconstruction approach. to achieve this purpose, approches of deconstruction and reconstruction is used. the findings from deconstruction showed that common understanding of this concept has ideological goals, including legalization...

Anarchism is a philosophy opposed to hierarchy and authority, and is used as a critical lens to analyze the whole of human society. As with members of all social groupings, anarchists differ from each other in many ways, one of which is their political ideology. At least two visibly distinct ideological variants of anarchism are distinguishable in the US—a red anarchism that emphasizes economic...

This paper is an attempt to articulate the ideological differences among the sciences when it comes to understanding the relationship between the mind and the body, and specifically the brain. These ideological differences hinder the advancement of psychosomatic research because of the exclusive nature of the claims about the mind and body. The research surrounding psychosomatic illnesses seems...

This paper studies the evolution of political institutions in the face of conflict. We examine institutional reform in a class of pivotal mechanisms—institutions that behave as if the resulting policy were determined by a “pivotal” decision maker drawn from the potential population of citizens and who holds full policy-making authority at the time. A rule-ofsuccession describes the process by w...

There has been a substantial increase in research on the determinants and consequences of political ideology among political scientists and social psychologists. In psychology, researchers have examined the effects of personality and motivational factors on ideological orientations as well as differences in moral reasoning and brain functioning between liberals and conservatives. In political s...

In recent years, the Democratic Party has been considerably more successful at electing women than the Republican Party. Research suggests that the Democratic advantage for women stems from a more inclusive party culture and party support for women-friendly policies. This paper considers whether the gender gap in representation between the parties may also be shaped by intersection of instituti...

Polarizing opinions about political and social controversies take place commonly in mass and more recently user-generated media. A functional democratic society builds on civic discussions among people holding different beliefs on an issue. However, so far, few computer technologies have been devoted to facilitate mutual understanding, and arguably could have worsened the situation. We envision...