Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) demonstrates a monoclonal protein as an M spike in the majority of patients with monoclonal gammopathies. However, in patients with an apparently normal SPE pattern or hypogammaglobulinemia, immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) can reveal an M protein. We undertook this study to determine the yield of reflex IFE testing in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia ...

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and immuno-subtraction electrophoresis (ISE) were evaluated for ability to detect and immunotype monoclonal proteins, compared with agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE), respectively. Six hundred seventeen serum samples were analyzed with CZE and AGE to determine sensitivity and specificity in detecting IFE-confirmed mon...

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) is the hub of laboratory testing for monoclonal gammopathies and is a component of almost all diagnostic panels (1–3 ). The sensitivity of SPE as a screening test, however, is dependent on how SPE abnormalities are defined (4 ). Discrete, quantifiable electrophoretic bands (M-spikes) are almost always monoclonal proteins. Subtle abnormalities such as fuzzy ba...

Screening for monoclonal gammopathies is usually done by serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and serum free light chain tests. SPEP may be followed by immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE). IFE may be ordered by the treating physician or be at the discretion of the pathologist. We examined the appropriateness of IFE ordering by treating physicians and report on our findings, follow-up changes t...

Indonesia, as the biggest archipelagic country in world, has a problem with distribution of its network infrastructure to provide broadband access across regions. It is very important because Indonesia entered digital era which needs data, Indonesia’s capacity data are growing rapidly. A submarine cable can provided connect connections between cities and provinces, especially 3T area (frontier,...

Pineapple is a popular crop in the peatlands of Riau province. One centers for pineapple production Province Kualu Nanas Village, Tambang District, Kampar Regency. processed into chips, one Province's typical souvenirs. The chip industry Regency faces various obstacles, such as very simple product packaging, short shelf life, varied or negotiable prices, and sub-optimal distribution marketing. ...

BACKGROUND Detection of plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD) requires screening of serum and urine for monoclonal proteins. Several studies have demonstrated increased sensitivity and specificity when measurement of serum free light chain (SFLC) is part of the screening protocol. In addition, omission of immunofixation (IFE) in the standard work-up that includes SFLC assay has been proposed. This study...

1Department of Haematology, Special Investigations Laboratory, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,3Department of General Medical Practice, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,4Department of Chemical Pathology, Universit...

Fertility and embryonic viability are measures of efficient germ cell growth and development. During oogenesis and spermatogenesis, new proteins are required for both mitotic expansion and differentiation. Qualitative and quantitative changes in protein synthesis occur by translational control of mRNAs, mediated in part by eIF4E, which binds the mRNAs 5' cap. IFE-1 is one of five eIF4E isoforms...

We present a least squares framework for constructing p-th degree immersed finite element (IFE) spaces for typical second-order elliptic interface problems. This least squares formulation enforces interface jump conditions including extended ones already proposed in the literature, and it guarantees the existence of p-th IFE shape functions on interface elements. The uniqueness of the proposed ...