BACKGROUND Accidental puncture of the vertebral arteries (VAs) can occur through the internal jugular veins (IJVs) during central venous catheterization (CVC). We evaluated the anatomic relation of the VAs to the IJVs in children undergoing IJV cannulation. METHODS Fifty-five patients were placed in the supine position under general anesthesia. The right IJV, common carotid artery (CCA), and ...

Received: 26 January 2007 Revised: 25 February 2008 Accepted: 29 February 2008 Online publication date: 15 January 2009 Abstract The influence of firms’ dynamic capabilities on performance has been well articulated in the strategy literature. Yet conceptualization and operationalization of dynamic capabilities in marketing function have not been attempted, and empirical evidence substantiating ...

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination centered around cerebral veins. Recent studies suggested this topographic pattern may be caused by venous congestion, a condition termed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). Published sonographic criteria of CCSVI include reflux in the deep cerebral veins and/or the internal jugular and vertebral veins (IJVs and...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy control subjects as regards hemodynamics of cerebral venous drainage. MATERIAL/METHODS Between December 2012 and May 2013, 44 consecutive patients with multiple sclerosis and 44 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects underwent the B-mode, color Doppler, and duplex Doppler evaluations of the interna...

OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination centered around cerebral veins. Recent studies suggested this topographic pattern may be caused by venous congestion, a condition termed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). Published sonographic criteria of CCSVI include reflux in the deep cerebral veins and/or the internal jugular and vertebral veins (IJVs and ...

This study attends to equivocal results regarding the relationship between equity control and international joint venture (IJV) performance by proposing a transaction-cost-based contingency framework. We examined the moderating effects of asset specificity and uncertainty on the relationship between foreign parent equity control and IJV survival in an empirical setting of Japanese IJVs in 12 As...

In the past few decades, extant literature has examined impact of R&D internationalization on innovation performance at individual team member, or project, subsidiary, and organizational levels. Despite this progress, however, research conditional contextual variables that may underpin relationships between firm subsidiary level remains scarce, area deserves further investigation. Using a large...

BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with not well understood etiology. Recently, a possible association of MS with compromised venous outflow from the brain and spinal cord has been studied (chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency - CCSVI). Angioplasties of internal jugular veins (IJV) and azygous vein (AV) have given promising results, with improvements in patients' clin...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The IJVs are considered to be the main pathway draining the intracranial venous system. There is increasing evidence for the existence of alternative venous pathways. Studies using extracranial sonography techniques have demonstrated a nonjugular venous system. In the current study, we used MR images to investigate the NJV drainage system and its components (vertebral ple...

Cerebral venous drainage in humans is thought to be ensured mainly via the internal jugular veins (IJVs). However, anatomic, angiographic, and ultrasound studies suggest that the vertebral venous system serves as an important alternative drainage route. We assessed venous blood volume flow in vertebral veins (VVs) and IJVs of 12 healthy volunteers using duplex ultrasound. Measurements were perf...