Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects all mammalian cells. Several antigens such as excreted/secreted antigens have been identified as a potential vaccine candidate. Objective: To determine how excreted/secreted antigens from peritoneal exudates of infected mice (mESA) stimulate cell-mediated immune responses and induce protective immunity against toxo...

background: cationic immune stimulating complexes (pluscoms) are particulate antigen delivery systems. pluscoms consist of cationic immunostimulatory complexes (iscoms) derivatives and are able to elicit in vivo t cell responses against an antigen. objective: to evaluate the effects of pluscoms containing leishmaniamajor antigens (sla) on the type of immune response generated in the murine mode...

background: toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects all mammalian cells. several antigens such as excreted/secreted antigens have been identified as a potential vaccine candidate. objective: to determine how excreted/secreted antigens from peritoneal exudates of infected mice (mesa) stimulate cell-mediated immune responses and induce protective immunity against toxo...

inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract and includes ulcerative colitis and crohn’s disease. during last decades, the incidence of ibd   has increased, both in children as well as in adults (1–3). while the precise etiology of ibd is unknown, inflammatory bowel disease occure due to an abnormal immune response to luminal antigens i...

Background: Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the major causes of death in African populations infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Only 1% of infected subjects develop CM. The reasons for these differences are not fully understood, but it is likely that the host humoral response against blood-stage antigens plays a role in protection from malaria, although the precise targets and mechanisms medi...

In Leishmania (L.) major-infected BALB/c mice Th2-type cells results in disease progression, whereas C57BL/6-infected mice mount a Th1-type response, which leads to control of the infection. Th2 response correlates with IgG1 whereas, Th1 response supports switching to IgG2a subclasses. Since IgG isotype-dominated response depends on different CD4 + T cell subsets, we studied the antigenic profi...

The recognition of infecting microbes followed by the induction of an effective immune response is essential for the survival of most multicellular organisms. It is equally important, however, that the immune response is not induced upon the recognition of self antigens, or non-infectious, innocuous, non-self antigens. So, how does the immune system decide which antigens to respond to and which...

background: host immune system response against blood group antigens is a major problem in blood transfusions, especially forthalassemic patients. thus, an approach was proposed coating the red blood cell (rbc) surface by polyethylene glycol.objectives: this study aimed to obtain the optimal simultaneous camouflge of the major and minor antigens by activated methoxypolyethylene glycol (mpeg) wi...