Maternal immunization with oxidized lipoproteins prior to pregnancy protects against atherogenic in utero programming by gestational hypercholesterolemia and enhances beneficial lymphocyte-dependent immune responses in offspring. To determine whether in utero programming and immunomodulation also affect insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes, we investigated the effects of immunization on ...

Skin is a unique target for vaccination. Targeting keratinocytes to produce proinflammatory mediators improve immunity rational approach vaccine design. Keratinocytes genetically engineered overexpress the stress response related transcription factor x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) increased production of and co-delivered antigen. Keratinocyte-specific overexpression XBP1 through cutaneous genet...

A multi-dose injector to facilitate the immunization of horse by the ‘low dose, low volume multi-site’ protocol in antivenom/antitoxin production is described. With the device, 20 subcutaneous injections of about 0.1 ml of CFA emulsified immunogen around the horse’s neck could be easily accomplished within 3 minutes without any stress to the animal. Also described is an apron to prevent blister...

frequently be avoided if the subjects show the fixity of purpose described here; their determination to minimise the wind-chill factor (by digging a substantial snow cave) and to overcome the urge to sleep undoubtedly prevented a serious outcome for this party, which carried no specific equipment to spend a night out near the summit of Everest. CHARLES CLARKE Medical Officer, British Everest Ex...

IN A RECENT preliminary communication (Smith, Evans, Jones, Gear, Cunliffe and Barr, 1963) the results of a clinical trial of adsorbed tetanus toxoid were presented. This demonstrated the efficacy and safety of simultaneous injections of adsorbed toxoid and tetanus antitoxin. Casualty officers and general practitioners are frequently faced with the problem of immunization against tetanus and ar...