Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disorder of the central nervous system that appears to be driven by a shift in immune functioning toward excess inflammation that results in demyelination and axonal loss. Beta interferons were the first class of disease-modifying therapies to be approved for patients with MS after treatment with this type I interferon improved the course of MS on both clini...

The immunomodulatory effect of aqueous extract of Acacia catechu commonly known as Katha or Karangali was studied at two doses of 5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg orally. The effect was studied in neutrophil adhesion test, mice lethality test, carbon clearance assay, cyclophosphamide induced neutropenia, serum immunoglobulin levels and the heamagglutination test. Acacia catechu extract showed an increase i...

The immune system of mammals includes a complex array of cells and molecules, which interact to provide protection from challenge by pathogenic microbes (bacteria, viruses, parasites). Antigens are substances that induce an immune response, and are often components of invading microbes. Probiotics are defined as the viable microorganisms that exhibit a beneficial effect on the health of the hos...

To investigate the immunomodulatory activity of flavonoid fractions of Terminalia catappa in Swiss albino mice. The flavonoid fraction of T.catappa was administrated intraperitonealy at a dose of ED50 to healthy albino mice. Assessment of immunomodulatory activity was carried out by assessment of neutrophil adhesion and phagocytic index. Intraperitonealy administered Tcff showed a significant i...