BACKGROUND Shipbuilding involves intensive welding activities, and welders are exposed to a variety of metal fumes, including manganese, that may be associated with neurological impairments. This study aimed to characterize total and size-fractionated manganese exposure resulting from welding operations in shipbuilding work areas. METHODS In this study, we characterized manganese-containing p...

This paper gives a further approach to provide information on the human pelvis tolerance against lateral impacts with unembalmed cadavers. The aim of this work was to verify the influence of impactor parameters as velocity and weight on the criteria measured on pelvis as force, acceleration and deflection. A previous study, presented in 1994 at the ESV Conference, concerned the establishment of...

Introduction: We have used the Ansys Inc. AUTODYN ® software [1] to hydrodynamically model small particle impacts into aluminium (Al) foil, under the conditions of the Stardust encounter with comet 81P/Wild 2 [2] (i.e., normal incidence, 6 km s -1 ). We compare results of impact models, based on carefully defined particle structures, with three-dimensional (3D) crater shapes reported from Stard...

This study aims at evaluating the current pedestrian lower leg test procedure with respect to the human response in a pedestrian accident. The test procedure is examined for a variety of representative cars of the European fleet. The investigation is purely based on numerical simulations carried out using the regulatory lower leg impactor, as described in the Directive 2004/90/EC, and compared ...

Dry powder inhalations (DPIs) have gathered attention as a treatment for respiratory diseases due to the large effective absorption area in human lung. A cascade impactor is generally used investigate inhalation performance of DPIs. For improvement efficiency DPIs, understanding particle motion and deposition behavior lung required. In present study, computer simulations were conducted calculat...

Abstract In this analysis, we consider the effects of non-quiescent initial conditions driven by pre-impact air–water interactions on classical Wagner model impact theory. We problem a rigid, solid impactor moving vertically towards liquid pool. Prior to impact, viscous forces in air act deform free surface, inducing flow These are then incorporated as post-impact analysis. derive expressions f...

Hypervelocity collisions with space debris (SD, natural meteoroids and man-made artifacts) can significantly affect the performance of spacecraft. Here, I use an adaptivemesh Eulerian hydrodynamic code, Mie-Grüneisen solid-mechanics, and a simple material-failure model, running on a modern PC, to analyze the protection afforded by a nominal two-plate aluminum shield to hypervelocity collisions ...