AIMS To review the consequences of the changes in Finnish alcohol policy in 2004, when quotas for travellers' tax-free imports of alcoholic beverages from other European Union (EU) countries were abolished, Estonia joined the EU and excise duties on alcoholic beverages were reduced in Finland by one-third, on average. DESIGN A review of published research and routinely available data. SETTI...

The world is presently looking forward to embrace the greatest moment of modern history of humankind, turn of the millennium. For Pakistan, however, the millennium celebrations are going to be accompanied by over half a century of missed opportunities and a serious challenge ahead. The focus of this study is Pakistan’s status as a ‘single commodity’ country and the life after 2004 in a postMult...

We use mixed-complementarity-problem programming to implement tariff rate quotas (TRQs) in the global computable general equilibrium (CGE) LINKAGE model. We apply the approach to TRQs in sugar markets in OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries. We calibrate the model on 2000 policy levels for OECD countries to reflect the full implementation of their World Trade O...

A with South Korea and Japan, the Philippines were granted an exemption from the removal of quotas on rice imports in 1995 under Annex 5 of the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement. This exemption was to expire in mid 2005, but an extension is currently under negotiation. We examine the poverty impacts of both a Doha agreement and free world trade, combined with the elimination of domestic ...

This paper considers the matching problem with regional quotas, in particular, regional minimum quotas. Although such quotas are relevant in many real-world settings, there is a lack of strategy-proof mechanisms that consider regional minimum quotas. We first show that without any restrictions on the region structure, finding a feasible matching that satisfies all quotas is NP-complete. Then, a...

This paper considers matching problems with hierarchical regional minimum quotas. Although such quotas are relevant in many real-world settings, it is known that nonwastefulness and fairness (which compose stability) are incompatible when minimum quotas are imposed. We develop a new strategy-proof nonwasteful mechanism called Adaptive Deferred Acceptance with Regional minimum Quotas (ADARQ), wh...

Analyses of trade quotas typically assume that the quota restricts the flow of some nondurable good. Many real-world quotas, however, restrict the stock of durable imports. We consider the cases where (1) anyone is free to export against such quotas and where (2) only those allocated portions of the total quota are free to export against such quotas. Recent econometric investigations of such qu...

We consider optimal trade policy for a large country with private information. We show that the optimal tariff leads to a signaling equilibrium with higher tariffs and lower welfare than under complete information, whereas the optimal import quota replicates the complete information equilibrium and thus is superior to the tariff. We also show that, with the tariff, the country may be better off...

Auctions are used by governments for a variety of purposes. Government debt is managed in many countries by the auctioning of government securities. Foreignexchange auctions are run by many governments, including Jamaica, Bolivia, Nigeria, and Romania. Reforming governments, from the Czech Republic to Mexico, have used auctions to privatize state-owned …rms. Developing countries use auctions in...

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The article argues that while legislation on sex quotas can be seen as a renegotiation of the public sphere at macro level, suggesting a formal recognition of gender equality and a subsequent redistribution of power positions, it does not necessarily imply recognition of ...