High-resolution measurements of impurity ion dynamics provide first-time evidence of classical ion confinement in a toroidal, magnetically confined plasma. The density profile evolution of fully stripped carbon is measured in MST reversed-field pinch plasmas with reduced magnetic turbulence to assess Coulomb-collisional transport without the neoclassical enhancement from particle drift effects....

We present a Monte-Carlo ion implantation simulation method that allows a very accurate prediction of implantation induced point defects, generation of amorphous areas, and impurity distributions. The implanted impurity pro les can be calculated as well as the distributions of impurities that are moved from one material to another during the implantation process. The simulation method can be ap...

In the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, strong, steady-state variations of molybdenum density within a flux surface are routinely observed in plasmas using hydrogen minority ion cyclotron resonant heating. In/out asymmetries, up to a factor of 2, occur with both inboard and outboard accumulation depending on the major radius of the minority resonance layer. These poloidal variations can be attributed to ...

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Based on the principles of mass conservation, chemical equilibrium, and electron charge neutrality, a thermodynamic equilibrium system was established for nickel-cobalt-manganese sulfate leaching solution in recovery process spent lithium-ion batteries. By changing ion concentration system, calculating pH value, identifying complexes Cu2+, Fe3+, PO43−, Al3+, F− results were obtained used to dra...

The magnetic susceptibility of Gd impurities shows single ion behaviour down to 10 mK at concentrations below 0.15 /o in YPd and below 0.5 /o in CePd . The data, can be fitted with crys tal field theory. 3 3 The search for single ion behaviour of magnetic impurities in metals has led to experiments with extremely dilute alloys at temperatures in the millikelvin range. Most of this work /l/ has ...

The Large Helical Device (LHD) and Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X, under construction) are experiments specially designed to demonstrate long pulse (quasi steady-state) operation, which is an intrinsic property of Stellarators and Heliotrons. Significant progress was made in establishment of high performance plasmas. A crucial point is the increasing impurity confinement towards high density as observed...

A new densification model, which simulates the effect of impurities on the densification of polar firn, is presented. The classical densification models of Herron and Langway (1980) and Pimienta and Barnola (Barnola and others, 1991) are modified by assuming that the activation energy for deformation is reduced by the impurities. Motivated by recent observations, the impurity effect is formulat...