Acquiring new genetic traits by lateral gene transfer is a bacterial strategy for environmental adaptations. We previously showed that Escherichia coli laterally transmits nonconjugative plasmids in cocultures that contain strains with or without the plasmid. Using a pMB1-derived plasmid and the Keio collection, a comprehensive library of E. coli knockout mutants for nonessential genes, we rece...

background: available drugs are not able to eradicate intracellular viral dna in patients with hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections. hbsag vaccine could induce immunity and subsequently eradicate hepatitis b virus in proportions of these patients. our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of hbsag as a mode of therapy in inactive carriers. materials and methods: forty two consecutive patients of inact...

We have studied the correlation between structural dynamics and function of the hairpin ribozyme. The enzyme-substrate complex exists in either docked (active) or undocked (inactive) conformations. Using single-molecule fluorescence methods, we found complex structural dynamics with four docked states of distinct stabilities and a strong memory effect where each molecule rarely switches between...

We study the dynamics of patterns exhibited by rule 52, a totalistic cellular automaton displaying intricate behaviors and wide regions of active/inactive synchronization patches. Systematic computer simulations involving 2(30) initial configurations reveal that all complexity in this automaton originates from random juxtaposition of a very small number of interfaces delimiting active/inactive ...

Most previous logical accounts of goal change do not deal with prioritized goals and do not handle subgoals and their dynamics properly. Many are restricted to achievement goals. In this paper, we develop a logical account of goal change that addresses these deficiencies. In our account, we do not drop lower priority goals permanently when they become inconsistent with other goals and the agent...

We report the bursting in a globally coupled network of mixed population of Active and inactive Josephson junctions. We find the parameter space the parameter regime of the junction where its dynamics is governed by the saddle-node on invariant circle (SNIC) bifurcation. We check the parameter regime where the dynamics of the junction governed by the saddle-node on invariant circle (SNIC) bifur...

Random X-chromosome inactivation ensures dosage compensation in mammals through the transcriptional silencing of one of the two X chromosomes present in each female cell. Silencing is initiated in the differentiating epiblast of the mouse female embryos through coating of the nascent inactive X chromosome by the non-coding RNA Xist, which subsequently recruits the Polycomb Complex PRC2 leading ...

Multi-subunit RNA polymerases are the enzymes that perform transcription in all living organisms and that have emerged before the divergence of domains of life. The structures of catalytic cores and their functions during elongation step of transcription cycle are very similar for all multi-subunit RNA polymerases. In contrast, the mechanisms for terminating the RNA synthesis have seemingly div...