Empirical attempts to measure the speed of convergence -the rate at which a country's per capita income approaches its steady state relative to its distance from its steady state -have started from the assumption that it is constant. In contrast, neoclassical models of capital accumulation usually predict that the speed of convergence decreases as income approaches its steady state. Estimating ...

This study examines regional convergence in per capita personal income in the US and Canada. We find that the disparity in real per capita income levels across US states (Canadian provinces) has declined, but income levels are not identical. Income levels become more aligned once costs of living are accounted for in relative per capita income series. US states (Canadian provinces) converge at a...

Dünya Bankası’nın kişi başına GSYH ülke sınıflandırmasına göre Türkiye 1955 yılından araştırmanın yapıldığı 2021’e kadar geçen dönemde orta gelirli ülkeler grubunda yer almıştır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle ekonomisinin karşılaştığı durumun gelir tuzağı olup olmadığı ve referans olarak alınan ABD GSYH’lerinin 1960 – 2021 dönemindeki yıllık farklarına bir geleneksel üç farklı yapısal kırılmalı birim ...

Hong Kong and Macao were re-united with China in the late 1990s as two special administrative regions (SARs). Over the last half century, they were China’s good examples of economic development, windows of openness and investors. However, due to historical reasons, China lagged far behind Hong Kong and Macao in terms of per capita incomes. The income gaps widened before China’s economic reforms...

The institutional structure of global commodity chains and cross-border production networks has a profound impact on how the benefits of globalized production are distributed. This paper engages with this issue by developing a model that combines the insights of earlier unequal exchange theorists and new work on global commodity chains to clarify the distributive dynamics of the expansion of lo...

Before the fall of the Berlin Wall, mortality was considerably higher in the former East Germany than in West Germany. The gap narrowed rapidly after German reunification. The convergence was particularly strong for women, to the point that Eastern women aged 50-69 now have lower mortality despite lower incomes and worse overall living conditions. Prior research has shown that lower smoking rat...

This paper updates and extends the time-series evidence on the convergence of international incomes using a set of 29 countries over the period 1900-2001. Time-series tests for stochastic convergence are supplemented with tests which provide evidence on the notion of “$-convergence” predicted by the Solow model. The evidence indicates that the relative income series of 21 countries are consiste...