Agricultural development can contribute significantly to peace by raising incomes and employment, thereby reducing the social frustrations that give rise to violence. Agricultural growth also generates revenues for governments, allowing them to redress the grievances of disadvantaged populations. In this way, growth can be made more equitable, an effect that is enhanced if inequalities in acces...

Using grain and farmland price data, this article estimates the interest rate and land rent in five provinces of Qing China to find that they tended to fall in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Given that population growth outstripped both acreage expansion and capital accumulation, the weakening in the rental income for capital and land leads one to predict that Chinese workers also suf...

Introduction Refugees and host populations Changing opportunities in the local context Agricultural opportunities Competition for scarce resources Economic opportunities Infrastructure and development resources Social dynamics Varying host experiences during the refugee presence Vulnerable individuals: older persons and people with disabilities Poor farmers and casual laborers Employees on fixe...

Poverty is a common experience for children growing up in the United States. Although only about one in five children are in poverty each year, roughly one in three will spend at least one year living in a poor household. Child poverty is a significant concern to researchers and policymakers because early childhood poverty is linked to a multitude of worse outcomes, including reduced academic a...

Theories of political redistribution are tested using data collected in three phases of the International Social Survey Programme. Individuals categorized as having high, middle, or low incomes were asked whether they consider the overall tax burden in their countries too high, too low or about right. Very few citizens indicated that they were satisfied with tax systems; most believed that taxe...

The characteristics of families with low incomes are often studied in detail in order to assist in the development of policies and programs that will improve their economic position. In contrast, there is generally very little analysis of the characteristics of families at the top of the income ladder, possibly because of a lack of data on this small group. The Census of Canada is the only surv...

"A unified growth theory is developed that accounts for the roughly constant living standards displayed by world economies prior to 1800 as well as the growing living standards exhibited by modern industrial economies. Our theory also explains the industrial revolution, which is the transition from an era when per capita incomes are stagnant to one with sustained growth.... [The authors] use a ...

• People who live in rural and remote communities in Australia are more likely to be • Indigenous, particularly in the more remote areas. • Rural populations tend to have more children but fewer young adults. • More remote communities, many with significant Indigenous populations and a focus on the mining industry, tend to have more children, more people of working age (especially males) and fe...

This article examines linkages between recent domestic out-migration from immigrant gateway metropolitan areas and nonmetropolitan migration gains, based on data of the 1990 census, 1996 Current Population Survey, and population estimates for the 1990-1996 period from the Bureau of Census. Our analysis of these data suggests that there is a mirror image of migration patterns between high immigr...