Given a distribution G over labeled bipartite (multi) graphs, G = (W; M; E) where jWj = jMj = n, let L(n) denote the size of the largest planar matching of G (here W and M are posets drawn on the plane as two ordered rows of nodes, an upper and a lower one, and a (w; m) edge is drawn as a straight line between w and m). The main focus of this work is to understand the asymptotic (in n) behavior...

The length is(w) of the longest increasing subsequence of a permutation w in the symmetric group Sn has been the object of much investigation. We develop comparable results for the length as(w) of the longest alternating subsequence of w, where a sequence a, b, c, d, . . . is alternating if a > b < c > d < · · · . For instance, the expected value (mean) of as(w) for w ∈ Sn is exactly (4n + 1)/6...

We investigate the probability distribution of the length of the second row of a Young diagram of size N equipped with Plancherel measure. We obtain an expression for the generating function of the distribution in terms of a derivative of an associated Fredholm determinant, which can then be used to show that as N → ∞ the distribution converges to the Tracy-Widom distribution [TW] for the secon...

The authors consider the length, lN , of the length of the longest increasing subsequence of a random permutation of N numbers. The main result in this paper is a proof that the distribution function for lN , suitably centered and scaled, converges to the Tracy-Widom distribution [TW1] of the largest eigenvalue of a random GUE matrix. The authors also prove convergence of moments. The proof is ...

We show that a wide variety of generalized increasing subsequence problems admit a one parameter family of extensions for which we can exactly compute the mean length of the longest increasing subsequence. By the nature of the extension, this gives upper bounds on the mean in the unextended model, which turn out to be asymptotically tight for all of the models that have so far been analyzed. A ...

We document the evolution of the income distribution in rural China, from 1987 through 1999, with an emphasis on investigating increases in inequality associated with transition and economic development. With a backdrop of perceived improvements in average living standards, we ask whether increases of inequality may have offset, or even threaten welfare gains associated with economic reforms. T...

In this article we discuss the state of literature relating to decumulation retirement wealth and management incomes. On one hand, life-cycle models that allow for strong bequest motives effects medical expense risks have been shown be able rationalize retirees’ wealth, income, consumption trajectories. other, studies individual asset choices portfolio decisions seem suggest low levels financia...

This paper is concerned with certain connections between the ensemble of n × n unitary matrices—specifically the characteristic function of the random variable tr(U)—and combinatorics—specifically Ulam’s problem concerning the distribution of the length of the longest increasing subsequence in permutation groups—and the appearance of Painlevé functions in the answers to apparently unrelated que...