Background: The occurrence of autoimmune disorders has increased 3–5% and has had a significant impact on human health. The presence of Anti-Nuclear Antibodies (ANAs), directed against intracellular antigens, is a sign of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) is among the most commonly used methods for ANA detection and is the gold standard. An Immu...

A microdevice assay is being developed to continuously measure specific antigen concentrations within a sample stream. This device will allow real-time measurement of systemic protein concentrations within blood plasma, at high sample rates not possible with existing bench-top assays. Magnetic actuation of antibody coated paramagnetic microbeads between sample and wash streams leads to highly c...

background leptospirosis is a systemic infectious disease caused by pathogenic bacteria belonging to the species of leptospira, it is considered to be the most common zoonosis in the world. this is a serious and sometimes fatal infection which is transmitted from animals to humans by entering the digestive tract or mucosal membrane. within the initial 10-12 day period, the patient may experienc...

The double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been compared with the indirect fluorescence assay for the detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in humans. Incubation times have been shortened, permitting the test to be completed within 2 h. The double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is confirmed to be more sensitive and more specific than the i...

Targeting drugs to their sites of action is still a major challenge in pharmaceutical research. In this study, polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) immuno-nanoparticles were prepared for targeting invasive epithelial breast tumour cells. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) was used as a homing ligand and was attached to the nanoparticle surface either covalently or non-covalently. The presence of mAb on th...

A group of 120 sera from blood donors was screened by complement fixation and commercially available immunofluorescence, solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and indirect hemagglutination tests. Twenty-four of the sera were positive by three or more of the five tests and judged to be true positives; 89 were negative by three or more of the tests and considere...

Dr. Xavier Bosch, Servicio de Medicina Interna General, Unidad 1, Hospital Clínico y Provincial, Villarroel, 170, E-08036 Barcelona (Spain) Dear Sir, Nässberger et al. [1] have recently reported the occurrence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) in sera from patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN). Among 64 patients with this disease, ANCA were detected in 47 (73%). B...

A direct and ultrasensitive multiplex assay using an immuno-magnetic platform has been developed for the quantification of trace amounts of circulating cancer-associated antigens in serum. The detection is based on the specific immuno-interactions among the target antigen, detection antibody and capture antibody that is immobilized on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles. The sandwiched immuno...