Leaf Veins The leaf vein is the “vascular system” in plants. In article 2201220 by Kelvin W. K. Yeung, Xin Zhao, and co-workers, a leaf-vein micropattern engraved on PGLADMA polymer membrane, serving as “running tracks” for vascular endothelial cells to facilitate hierarchical functional reconstruction. membrane can induce cell differentiation, vasculature reconstruction, vessel maturation.

objective: dendritic cells (dcs) are the most effective antigen-presenting cells with many applications. however, dcs can be generated in vitro by various methods from bone marrow cells, each with varying pros and cons. thus, we evaluated three different methods to generate dcs from mice bone marrow cells. materials and methods: bm cells from c57bl/6 mice were cultured in the presence of 1000 u...

Cryptococcus gattii is an emerging fungal pathogen on the west coast of Canada and the United States that causes a potentially fatal infection in otherwise healthy individuals. In previous investigations of the mechanisms by which C. gattii might subvert cell-mediated immunity, we found that C. gattii failed to induce dendritic cell (DC) maturation, leading to defective T cell responses. Howeve...

The potential of harvesting to induce adaptive changes in exploited populations is now increasingly recognized. While early studies predicted that elevated mortalities among larger individuals select for reduced maturation size, recent theoretical studies have shown conditions under which other, more complex evolutionary responses to size-selective mortality are expected. These new predictions ...