We examined whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced autophagy provides cytoprotection from renal tubular epithelial cell injury due to oxidants and chemical hypoxia in vitro, as well as from ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in vivo. We demonstrate that the ER stress inducer tunicamycin triggers an unfolded protein response, upregulates ER chaperone Grp78, and activates the autophagy p...

Background: There is a growing interest in development of an effective adjuvant system for improving DNA vaccines. Recent findings have confirmed an important role for autophagy in both innate and adaptive immunity. The current study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of autophagy induction with Beclin-1, as a novel adjuvant system, in mice immunized with human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA v...

Oxidative stress has been recognized to be associated with melanoma. We have previously shown that ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning (ARMS), a tetra-spanning transmembrane protein, was overexpressed in melanoma cells and conferred resistance hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell death. To explore the molecular mechanism of ARMS under oxidative stress, we established ARMS-knockdown (siARMS) ...

We hypothesized that inflammation affects number and activity of osteoclasts (OCs) via enhancing autophagy. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced autophagy, osteoclastogenesis, and cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bone marrow-derived macrophages that were pre-stimulated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand. An autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) decreased LPS-induc...

Autophagy is an important process in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9) closest adiponectin paralog. CTRP9 has anti-aging and anti-atherogenic effects, but its roles autophagy endothelial senescence are currently unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether prevents palmitic acid (PA)-induced by promoting autophagy. After no treatment or pr...

Quercetin was previously reported to exhibit significant anti-proliferative activities, and its major effect on tumors was to induce cell apoptosis or autophagy. However, the specific mechanism remains controversial. In this study, autophagy induced by quercetin was determined with various methods. Intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was measured after being incubated with Fluo-3 acetoxymethyl (AM). A...

autophagy is a cellular process mediating degradation of bulk cytoplasm, long-lived proteins and entire organelles. in this process, double-membrane vesicles, the autophagosomes, wrap around portions of cytosol and transport them to the lysosome for degradation. several molecules participate in autophagosome nucleation and elongation, including various components of the class iii pi3k complex, ...

Obesity is an independent risk factor for renal dysfunction in patients with CKDs, including diabetic nephropathy, but the mechanism underlying this connection remains unclear. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that maintains intracellular homeostasis by removing damaged proteins and organelles, and autophagy insufficiency is associated with the pathogenesis of obesity-related di...

Abstract Background Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), critical during embryogenesis particularly in respiratory lung development, novel mediator related to inflammation and tissue remodeling. We tried investigate the role of FSTL1 CS-induced autophagy dysregulation, airway Methods Serum specimens wer...

Cell cycle control is a promising target in cancer treatments, and some small-molecule cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors have exhibited clinical effectiveness. However, no biomarkers predictive of efficacy have been developed. Recent studies have revealed that CDK inhibitor (CKI) proteins, such as p27 and p16, also induced cytoprotective autophagy in cancer cells. However, it is unclear ...