the purpose of the present study was to provide empirical support for the construct of the involvement load hypothesis (ilh ) in an efl context. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 4 intact groups consisting of 126 intermediate-level students participated in this experiment. in order to ensure that the participants were at the same level of english language proficiency, the nelson test was adm...

this paper aims at studying governance and distribution of autonomies in tehran city islamic council in the process of performing intra/inter-organizational functions. according to current theories on governance, there are three types of governance according to the kinde of involvement. authority involvement, interactive involvement and persuasion involvement, in tehran city islamic council in ...

This study builds on Laufer and Hulstijn’s (2001) motivational-cognitive construct of task-induced involvement in learning vocabulary and addresses itself to its strong claim that the depth of processing is the overriding factor in learning words. The paper first re-examines the effect of processing load and then of task type on the initial learning and retention of words. To do so, 60 EFL lear...

objective(s): intracerebroventricular injection of orexin-a (hypocretin-1) antagonist has been shown to inhibit stress-induced analgesia. however the locations of central sites that may mediate these effects have not been totally demonstrated. this study was performed to investigate the role of rostral ventromedial medulla (rvm) orexin receptor 1 in stress-induced analgesia (sia). materials and...

gastrointestinal (gi) and hepatic manifestations are not uncommon in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). they include nonspecific symptoms as well as serious, life-threatening complications necessitating urgent, aggressive therapy. in addition to direct involvement of the gi system by the disease, many drug-induced side effects and opportunistic infections have gi and hepatic mani...