after mentioning the main differences between malaria control and malaria eradication, it is suggested that all anti–malaria activities in iran should be renamed as malaria control. applied research in malaria is identified into four categories covering the following subjects. 1- malaria parasites and anti-malaria drugs. 2- malaria vectors. 3- malaria in the community. 4- use of epidemiological...

Although acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication of severe malaria, little is known about the underlying molecular basis of lung dysfunction. Animal models have provided powerful insights into the pathogenesis of severe malaria syndromes such as cerebral malaria (CM); however, no model of malaria-induced lung injury has been definitively established. This study used bronchoalveolar lav...

Malaria is widespread throughout the world and affects many animal species. Although origin of this vector-borne disease was discovered more than a century ago, several aspects within-host infection dynamic are still poorly understood. Among them, factors triggering parasite recurrences – episodes brief increase in number following period when either absent or present at very low levels blood h...

1. Sir Malcolm Watson, m.d., ix.d., President. 2. Dr. C. A. Bentley, c.i.E., m.b., d.p.h., d.t.m. & h., Director of Public Health, Bengal. 3. Major H. Suhrawardy, o.b.E., m.d., E.R.C.s.i., d.p.hv Chief Medical Officer, E. B. Railway. 4. Major H. Lockvvood Stevens, Organising Secretary, Ross Institute. 5. Captain B. S. Chalam, e.R.c.p., e.R.E.p.s., Malariologist, E. B. Railway. 6. Dr. S. N. Sur,...

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of malaria, in which cytokine production can produce immunopathological consequences. Cytokines can up-regulate prostaglandin synthesis via an increase in cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme activity. We investigated the expression of COX enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2, in the brain by use of murine models of CM and of malaria without cerebral involvement. Altho...

The relationship between malaria-related outcomes and cytokine production in whole blood cultures associated with cellular immune responses and immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria was examined in a study in southern Ghana. Production of malaria-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma was associated with reduced risk of fever and clinical malaria. Protective IFN-gamma responses were induced by liv...

Naturally acquired immunity to malaria requires repeat infections yet does not engender sterile immunity or long-lasting protective immunologic memory. This renders infants and young children the most susceptible to malaria-induced morbidity and mortality, and the ultimate target for a malaria vaccine. The prevailing paradigm is that infants initially garner protection due to transplacentally t...