Inductive reasoning is an ability related to student academic achievement and embedded in 21st-century competency frameworks. The purpose of this study was evaluate Indonesian students’ inductive reasoning, validate adapted test for Indonesia, classify the difficulty items ability. participants were 856 students Grades 10, 11, 12 senior high schools as well undergraduate higher educational inst...

We develop a model of games with awareness that allows for di erential levels of awareness. We show that, for the standard modal logical interpretations of belief and awareness, a player cannot believe there exist propositions of which he is unaware. Nevertheless, we argue that a boundedly rational individual may regard the possibility that there exist propositions of which she is unaware as be...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study examined the hypothesis that participants diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) show a selective deficit in inductive reasoning but are equivalent to controls in deductive reasoning. METHODS Twenty-five participants with OCD and 25 non-clinical controls made inductive and deductive judgments about a common set of arguments that varied in logic...

Because of the structure of inductive reasoning, error is an ever-present worry in science. Excluding errors that result from a lack of creativity (where better alternatives remain unconceived), scientific error can be divided into three broad categories. Some occur because of, widely termed, sociological factors. Powerful political parties, cultural biases, or scientific alliances may cloud th...

Inductive probability is the logical concept of probability in ordinary language. It is vague but it can be explicated by defining a clear and precise concept that can serve some of the same purposes. This paper presents a general method for doing such an explication and then a particular explication due to Carnap. Common criticisms of Carnap’s inductive logic are examined; it is shown that mos...