economic recession is considered as a repeatable and constant phenomenon in capitalist economy. countries which experienced rapid economic growth have inevitably applied a balancing program after that. generally, whenever industrial, financial and commercial developments occurred in a rapid growth, the reverse and changing processes would appear. consequently, they will affect the financial and...

In most empirical applications, forecasting models for the analysis of industrial land focus on the relationship between current values of economic parameters and industrial land use. This paper aims to test this assumption by focusing on the dynamic relationship between current and lagged values of the 'economic fundamentals' and industrial land development. Not much effort has yet been attrib...

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) have been used to control industrial processes and equipment for over 40 years, having their first commercially recognised application in 1969. Since then there have been enormous changes in the design and application of PLCs, yet developments were evolutionary rather than radical. The flexibility of the PLC does not confine it to industrial use and it has ...

Packaging companies must carefully monitor retail and consumer trends to best utilize, direct, or prioritize their research dollars in developing packaging and packaging systems to meet these demands. This paper reviews packaging developments that are resulting from numerous trends taking place in the meat industry and in the retail sector. Current case ready packaging solutions that meet the n...

a r t i c l e i n f o Marketing as a discipline in general, and industrial marketing in particular, has drawn upon a number of different theoretical perspectives from domains as diverse as organisational theory, systems analysis, economics, psychology, sociology and anthropology to further our understanding. However, to build this understanding and increase the relevance of marketing research, ...