Scientific Hardware/software techniques for the design of fault and malicious attacks resistant components and embedded systems Fields of expertise Test, Security, Self-Repair, Fault-tolerance : Methodologies, Tools and Architectures Know-how Multilevel platforms for fault simulation and robustness automatic insertion at several abstraction levels; 3D integration solutions test platform for rad...

This paper maintains that the word ‘inventions’ in art 27.1 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 19941 (‘TRIPS’) imposes an obligation on member countries to ensure that the subject matter of a patent application be scrutinised and not presumed. Article 27.1 of TRIPS provides that ‘[p]atents shall be available for any inventions, whether products or processe...

After modeling expert user needs with regard to intellectual property information, we analyze and compare the main providers in this specific information area (Thomson DIALOG, Esp@cenet by the European Patent Office, Questel-Orbit, and STN International) in terms of system content and system functionality. The key question is whether the main providers are able to satisfy these expert user need...

Being reformed under NAFTA negotiations and in compliance with the TRIPs Argreement (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights) when Mexico joined the World Trade Organization, patent protection for pharmaceuticals in this country has been strictly strengthened since 1991 with the new Industrial Property Law. The aim of this paper is to make a first brief evaluation of the effects carried unti...

The patent system has evolved over many centuries and is considered, by and large, to have successfully promoted innovation. Patents help to stimulate investment in research and development through the provision of a limited monopoly to the inventor, while ensuring full disclosure of the invention to the public. One of the reasons for the long-lasting success of the patent system is its nondisc...

A new fully integrated ultrasound based in-line fluid characterization system, FlowViz, has been developed especially for opaque, non-Newtonian industrial fluids. The new embedded and commercially available system is designed to meet industrial requirements. Flow-Viz enables true non-invasive, real-time Doppler measurements and is able to visualize the flow and to rheologically characterize ind...

While collective cognition has received increasing attention in the broader field of organization, academic research has largely overlooked its potential role on shaping innovation trajectories and technological change adaptation at a firm and industrial levels. Through a strategic lens and based on the patent bibliometrics and patent co-citation methods, we integrate and extend the cognition a...

Most observations of the patent behavior of firms are derived from institutional environments in which relatively strong protection can be obtained, even if patents per se are imperfect protection mechanisms. As a result, the determinants of a firm's propensity to patent in a weak appropriability regime are still unclear. This paper advances our current understanding of patent behavior by explo...

Does an expansion of patent scope induce more innovative effort by firms? We examine responses to the Japanese patent reforms of 1988. Interviews with practitioners and professional documents for patent agents suggest the reforms significantly expanded the scope of patent rights. However, econometric analysis using both Japanese and U.S. patent data on 307 Japanese firms finds no evidence of an...