BACKGROUND To determine three-dimensional spatial orbit skeletal changes in adolescents over a 19 to 24 months observation period assessed through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS The sample consisted of 50 adolescents aged 11 to 17. All were orthodontic patients who had two CBCTs taken with an interval of 19 to 24 months between images. The CBCTs were analyzed using the third-pa...

PURPOSE To determine the exact anatomic location and volume of the thickest section of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone (trigone), which is removed during deep lateral orbital wall decompression. METHODS Eighteen dried skulls were used to determine the exact anatomic location and computed tomography (CT) images of 20 patients (10 male, 10 female) were used for volumetric calculations. ...

Fig. 1. (A) Patient with posttraumatic enophthalmos and hypoglobus of the right eye. (B) Upward gaze limitation was noted on preoperative day 1. A B or a nerve sheath injury whereas direct damage to the optic nerve during dissection and insertion of implant materials is also possible. We report a case of a patient with postoperative traumatic optic neuropathy due to indirect nerve damage after ...

BACKGROUND A blow-out fracture is one of the most common facial injuries in midface trauma. Orbital wall reconstruction is extremely important because it can cause various functional and aesthetic sequelae. Although many materials are available, there are no uniformly accepted guidelines regarding material selection for orbital wall reconstruction. METHODS From January 2007 to August 2012, a ...

This article describes the surgical anatomy of the midcheek. The article's key points: (1) Structurally, the midcheek is formed by the convergence of three components: the lid-cheek segment, the malar segment, and the nasolabial segment. (2) The midcheek skeleton provides the attachment for the muscles and ligaments of both the lower lid and the upper lip. (3) The midcheek contains proportional...

BACKGROUND There exists some ambiguity regarding the exact anatomical limits of the orbicularis retaining ligament, particularly its medial boundary in both the superior and inferior orbits. Precise understanding of this anatomy is necessary during periorbital rejuvenation. METHODS Sixteen fresh hemifacial cadaver dissections were performed in the anatomy laboratory to evaluate the anatomy of...

We performed sagittal splitting osteotomy using fresh, unfixed cadavers. Observation was carried out macroscopically and with light microscopy and 3-dimensionally reconstructed images. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the fracture line and the Haversian canal and Haversian lamellae. Macroscopic observation revealed that the fracture line run through the mandibular a...

introduction: fractures of the orbital floor, which are caused by various mechanisms, result in the herniation of periorbital tissue into the paranasal sinuses and its subsequent complications. early diagnosis using various techniques and reduction of fractures are necessary to preserve ocular function and esthetic. use of an endoscope has been associated with some advantages, including a decre...

BACKGROUND Graves ophthalmopathy is a chronic, multisystem, autoimmune disorder characterized by increased volume of intraorbital fat and hypertrophic extraocular muscles. Proptosis, impaired ocular motility, diplopia, lid retraction, and impaired visual acuity are treated with orbit decompression and fat reduction. The authors present the addition of skeletal augmentation to further improve pe...

BACKGROUND Blow-out fracture of the orbit is a common injury. However, not many cases are associated with massive subcutaneous emphysema. Even fewer cases are caused by minor trauma or are associated with barotrauma to the orbit due to sneezing, coughing, or vomiting. The authors present a case of blow-out fracture complicated by extensive subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema that occurred wi...