this research provides an optimization tool for use by supply chain managers in the design and operation of manufacturing- distribution networks under uncertain demand conditions. the problem under consideration consists of determining the supply chain infrastructure; raw material purchases, shipments, and inventories; and finished product production quantities, inventories, and shipments neede...

Abstract Although the exploration of infrastructure has become a main focus urban-centered studies and urban theory over last decade, it only been partially adopted into design planning education. Here, traditional curriculum architecture, planning, landscape offers emerging professionals limited guidance tools for exploring analyzing complex assemblages constituting systems that create, run, s...

This paper describes the development of two rural broadband infrastructure initiatives. This development is a bottom-up development of broadband infrastructure. Individuals, businesses and public sector have joined forces and have taken an initiative to develop and operate local broadband infrastructure. The initiatives faces a different set of challenges depending on the local context. The two...