In the framework of aggregation by the discrete Choquet integral, the unsupervised method for the identification of the underlying capacity initially put forward in [26] is presented and improvements are proposed. The suggested approach consists in replacing the subjective notion of importance of a subset of attributes by that of information content of a subset of attributes, which can be estim...

This paper argues for a reinterpretation of Aristotle’s concept of an enthymeme and also his wider informal logic in terms of arguments that are defeasible. They are represented by forms of argument that are called argumentation schemes, considered to be similar to forms of argument found in deductive logic, but different from the foregoing in virtue of their being defeasible. Indeed, the most ...

There is an old saying that “a picture is worth a thousand words.” In truth, only a well-prepared, selfexplanatory picture is worth a thousand words. The same holds true for research studies, for which 1 of the main methods we use to communicate our message is in figures and graphs. Figures and graphs tell much of the story by giving readers a visual anchor to help them see, understand, and rem...

This paper presents new estimates of income inequality derived from Prussian tax statistics for the years 1822-1914. Confidence intervals are also calculated. The results show a rise in inequality in the nineteenth century, with a peak around 1906, thus supporting the view put forward by Simon Kuznets that industrialisation will initially lead to a rise in inequality. The paper goes on to consi...

Abstract A dynamical resolution to the cosmological constant fine-tuning problem has been previously put forward, based on a gravitational scalar–tensor theory possessing de Sitter attractor solutions characterized by small Hubble expansion rate, irrespective of an initially large vacuum energy. We show that technically natural subregion parameter space yields evolution through radiation- and m...

In this paper we put forward a way of modelling reasoning with cases as it is described by writers such as Levi. This style of reasoning concentrates on finding and refining particular distinctions amongst cases which bear on the outcome. It thus contrasts with work such as HYPO in which such distinctions are the product of initial analysis of the domain, and so come already fixed. We provide a...

This note provides interpretation through possible-translations semantics for a couple of fundamental paraconsistent logics extending the positive fragment of classical propositional logic. The logics PI, Cmin, CLuN, bC, Ci, among others, are all initially presented through their bivaluation semantics and sequent versions and then split by way of possible-translations semantics —the set of 3-va...

Thirty years after Margulis revived the endosymbiosis theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts, two novel symbiosis hypotheses for the origin of eukaryotes have been put forward. Both propose that eukaryotes arose through metabolic symbiosis (syntrophy) between eubacteria and methanogenic Archaea. They also propose that this was mediated by interspecies hydrogen transfer and that,...

Siting the nuclear cemetery in Zarra would compromise the safety of the Valencians, said Juan Cotino, third vicepresident of Valencia's regional government earlier, in a reversal of the initially mild opposition to the ATC. Zarra could not satisfy the safety requirements for such a sensitive installation, he says. Most of the subsoil in the area ia a combination of clay and loam and could be ge...

IFT proteins go off the rails F lagella and cilia serve as molecular highways. Sedmak and Wolfrum have for the fi rst time tracked down several key proteins involved in this transport. They also discovered the proteins in cells that have neither cilia nor fl agella, indicating that the molecules have additional functions. Traffi c in cilia and fl agella runs in both directions. Kinesin motors h...