thermal recovery involves well-known processes such as steam injection (cyclic steam stimulation, steam drive, and steam-assisted gravity drainage), in situ combustion, and a more recent technique that consists of heating the reservoir with electrical energy. when high frequency is used for heating, it is called electromagnetic (em) heating. the applications of em heating for heavy-oil reservoi...

A great drawback to guinea pigs as experimental material lies in the difficulty of intravascular injections. Direct cardiac puncture is, of course, readily performed, but much of an injected fluid may escape into the pericardial sac, or the pleural cavity, and the operator be none the wiser. Dosage is well controlled when the jugular vein is used, but this must be bared by incision, and day to ...