Alternative storage pest control that is more environmentally friendly than the use of synthetic chemical pesticides to botanical from plant essential oils, including clove (Syzygium aromaticum) which contains main compounds eugenol and trans-caryophyllene. To study various mechanisms action oils as insecticides could in silico approach through molecular docking. This aims predict dominant bind...

Features of pesticide synergism and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (in vitro) were studied using a selected range of organotin compounds against the early 4th instar larvae of a highly resistant strain of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, a major universal pest of cruciferous vegetables.Fourteen triorganotin compounds were evaluated for their ability to enhance the toxici...

The carbamate compounds are a class of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides (Farage-Elawar, 1990) and bendiocarb (2, 3-isopropyledene-dioxyphenyl methylcarbamate, BC) is the most widely used carbamate insecticide to control disease vectors (mosquitoes, flies, household and agricultural pests). Like other carbamate insecticides, BC is a reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The bl...

BACKGROUND Poisoning with organophosphorus (OP) insecticides is a major global public health problem, causing an estimated 200,000 deaths each year. Although the World Health Organization recommends use of pralidoxime, this antidote's effectiveness remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether the addition of pralidoxime chloride to atropine and supportive care offers benefit. METHODS AND FI...

Resistance to temephos, an organophosphorous insecticide (OP), was found to be low (2-fold) in 2 Culex pipiens populations collected in Sayada (mid-eastern Tunisia). This resistance was synergized by an esterase inhibitor (DEF). Two sets of over-produced esterases (A2-B2 and A4-B4), known to be involved in resistance, were identified in almost 50% of the examined insects. In addition, 3% of ins...

Sublethal adverse effects may result from exposure of aquatic organisms to insecticides at environmentally relevant concentrations. Fingerlings of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus, 1758), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Valenciennes, 1844), and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis, Richardson, 1845) were exposed to diafuran, an insecticide widely used during rice cultivation in Sou...

BACKGROUND Culex quinquefasciatus collected in Uganda, where no vector control interventions directly targeting this species have been conducted, was used as a model to determine if it is possible to detect heterogeneities in selection pressure driven by insecticide application targeting other insect species. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Population genetic structure was assessed through mic...

Resistance to insecticides has become a critical issue in pest management and it is particularly chronic in the control of human disease vectors. The gravity of this situation is being exacerbated since there has not been a new insecticide class produced for over twenty years. Reasoned strategies have been developed to limit resistance spread but have proven difficult to implement in the field....

iv Swedish summary v List of publications vi List of abbreviations viii 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Infectious diseases 1 1.2. Vector-borne infectious diseases 2 1.2.1. Malaria 2 1.2.2. Dengue 3 1.2.3. Other severe mosquito-borne diseases 4 1.3. Vectors 4 1.3.1. Mosquitoes as disease-vectors 5 1.3.2. Anopheles mosquitoes 5 1.3.3. Aedes mosquitoes 6 1.4. Vector control 7 1.4.1. Insecticid...