Few investigations have been made of the species description trend of scale insects. The present study reports the discovery pattern and taxonomic efforts for this group based on global species and a literature dataset. In addition, three asymptotic models (Logistic, Gompertz, and Extreme Value) based on a discovery curve were used to predict the species number of scale insects. Our results sho...

Abstract A flurry of recently published studies indicates that both insects and birds have experienced wide-scale population declines in the last several decades. Curiously, whether insect bird are causally linked has received little empirical attention. Here, we hypothesize an important factor contributing to decline insectivorous birds. We further suggest populations essential whenever non-na...

Lurking beneath overhanging foliage, archerfish have one thing on their mind: taking a well-aimed pot-shot at the next insect that settles within range. Squirting ballistic jet of water, tenacious assassins precisely target victims, ready to dine. ‘Object recognition is critical for animal survival’, says Ronen Segev from Ben-Gurion University Negev, Israel, explaining distinguishing dinner an ...

Behavior of extinct organisms can be inferred only indirectly, but occasionally rare fossils document particular behaviors directly. Brood care, a remarkable behavior promoting the survival of the next generation, has evolved independently numerous times among animals including insects. However, fossil evidence of such a complex behavior is exceptionally scarce. Here, we report an ensign scale ...

Ants have long been renowned for their intimate mutualisms with trophobionts and plants and more recently appreciated for their widespread and diverse interactions with microbes. An open question in symbiosis research is the extent to which environmental influence, including the exchange of microbes between interacting macroorganisms, affects the composition and function of symbiotic microbial ...

A diverse array of organisms induce plants to form galls. This phenomenon is one the most striking instances convergent evolution, yet underlying mechanism only well understood in gall-inducing microbes. To determine if gall induction by insects associated with bacterial symbiosis, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing examine microbiome a variety and non-gall-inducing insects. Overall, did not find...

insects with over 30,000 aquatic species are known as very successful arthropods in freshwater habitats. some of them are applied as biological indicators for water quality control, as well as the main food supply for fishes and amphibians. the faunistic studies are the basic step in entomological researches; the current study was carried out emphasizing on the fauna of aquatic insects in karaj...