One can gain appreciable insights to the present day status of the field of instructional technology (IT) from examining its early beginnings and the origins of current practice. Programmed Instruction (PI) was an integral factor in the evolution of the instructional design process, and serves as the foundation for the procedures in which IT professionals now engage for the development of effec...

This paper describes a study conducted in recognition of the increasingly widespread use of computers and the importance of exposure to instructional technologies in all aspects of poultry science curriculum. The study consisted of the distribution and analyses of two cross-sectional surveys to gather detailed information on the use of instructional technology (IT) in poultry science curricula ...

With an eye to increased efficiency, agent communication language (ACL) designers have heeded the analogy with natural language and introduced elements from natural language pragmatics (NLP) into their designs. However, ACL pragmatics has not availed itself of NLP advances to the extent that it could. While a few aspects of pragmatics are incorporated, most notably speech acts, their inclusion ...

Pragmatics, a rarely explored area in language teaching, offers the necessary competencies for an understanding and interpretation of meaning beyond words. The current study aimed to identify effectiveness using advertisements teaching enhance students’ pragmatic skills by exploring their opinions observing progress. A descriptive-analytical research method was implemented researcher made use q...

Pragmatic aspect of second language (L2) as a component of communicative competence has recently received more attention. Many research studies have investigated the gap between native and nonnative speakers’ command of L2 pragmatics. However, development of L2 pragmatics has been the focus of few studies. In this study, how coursebooks can help both nonnative teachers and learners develop L2 p...