special characteristics of care environments have always presented nurses with some challenges. one particular situation is futile care, which is frequently accompanied by countless moral and legal challenges. the dominant atmosphere in futile care may cause moral distress to nurses and lead to a sense of guilt, pain, suffering, job dissatisfaction, and eventually cause nurses to leave the job....

introduction: increasing costs of health and treatment services has led health economics specialists and even physicians in all countries to seek new methods for controlling and reducing costs in medical and health services. the present study was aimed to estimate the costs of a cardiac care unit (ccu) in a governmental hospital in iran. methods: in order to determine the end cost, a stepwise p...

Many of injured children will require surgical treatment with involvement of the anesthesiologist. The anesthesia providers may have to take care of pediatric patients on following occasions: 1- Initial stabilization in the emergency department 2- Providing sedation and monitoring for imaging 3- Preoperative management of emergent surgical procedures such as laparotomy or craniotomy 4- Manageme...

conclusions family members are valuable components in the therapeutic process of delirium. effective use of family members in the delirium caring process can be considered to be one of the key non-medical nursing components in the therapeutic process. results two main themes from two different perspectives emerged, 'patients' perspectives' (experiences during icu hospitalization) and 'family me...

abstract background: most of the patients admitted in the intensive care units (icus) require an endotracheal tube and mechanical ventilation. in order to clear and maintain patency of the airways, endotracheal suctioning is required. therefore, the least detrimental way of endotracheal tube suctioning which can diminish the complications should be selected. the present study aimed to compare t...