Development of a digital technology has transformed the way in which an individual, social group or community, i.e. state, interacts their domains interest. The application technology, especially ICT, caused need to review whether existing legislative solutions correspond such news, it is necessary change supplement legal system state with new regulations. One issues refers creation types asset...

Software testing is a labor-intensive and hence expensive, yet heavily used technique to control quality. In this paper we introduce Gast, a fully automatic test-tool. Properties from first order logic can be expressed in the system, Gast automatically generates appropriate test-data, evaluates the property for these values, and analyzes the test-results. In this way it becomes easier and cheap...

Communication time prediction is critical for parallel application performance tuning, especially for the rapidly growing field of data-intensive applications. However, making such predictions accurately is nontrivial when contention exists on different components in hierarchical networks. In this article, we derive an ‘asymmetric network property’ on transmission control protocol (TCP) layer f...

Objectives: Herbal medicine is known as a valid alternative treatment. Salvia Reuterana, which has been used in the Iranian traditional medicine, is mostly distributed in the central highlands of Iran. Salvia Reuterana is a medicinal herb with various therapeutic usages. The aim of the present review is to take account of pharmacological properties of Salvia Reuterana. Materials and Methods: Th...

Digitalization of knowledge work in communication-intensive domains such as intellectual property protection poses great challenges but also opportunities to improve today’s working environments. The legal domain is strongly characterized by work, whereby, despite a common framework, creativity individual experts decisive. This knowledge-intensive deals with amount data objects, not only basis,...

This Article offers an explanation of the role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in information-intensive vertical supply relationships. In particular, we explore the connection between stronger property rights and the enhanced viability of independent (versus vertically integrated) input supply firms when contracts are incomplete. We start by modeling a tradeoff between two types of infor...

In this paper, some properties of the periodic shadowing are presented. It is shown that a homeomorphism has the periodic shadowing property if and only if so does every lift of it to the universal covering space. Also, it is proved that continuous mappings on a compact metric space with the periodic shadowing and the average shadowing property also have the shadowing property and then are chao...