INTRODUCTION Several techniques and methods have been proposed to estimate the anterior teeth dimensions in edentulous patients. However, this procedure remains challenging especially when preextraction records are not available. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate some of the existing extraoral and intraoral methods for estimation of anterior tooth dimensions and to propose a n...

role of genes in differentiation has long been recognized. That there must T! f a discipline that guides the nonrandom differentiation of patterns is obvious from one simple fact. that the pattern is reproducible in every generation. It is evident that at certain developmental stages specific cells or cell areas are singled out from the rest to differentiate and thus form a pattern of different...

INTRODUCTION One in fifty children is born with significant congenital abnormality [1]. Some have multiple anomalies constituting a specific dysmorphic syndrome. Of 5,000 or so dysmorphic syndromes, over 700 involve dental, oral or craniofacial differences. Dysmorphic craniofacial features include extended distance between eyes (telecanthus) or pupils (hypertelorism); inner/outer eye corners at...