PURPOSE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating, degenerative disease requiring long-term treatment. Patient adherence to treatment may be challenging in such scenarios, especially since treatment often involves self-injection, for example, with interferon beta-1b during therapy. BETACONNECT™ is a novel electronic autoinjector for patient support in interferon beta-1b administration....

PURPOSE To study the presence of muscarinic and alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in a normal human conjunctival epithelial (IOBA-NHC) cell line. METHODS Neurotransmitter receptors were determined in IOBA-NHC cells by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis. Antibodies to M(1)-, M(2)-, and M(3)-muscarinic and to alpha(1A)-, alpha(1B)-, alpha(1D)-, alpha(2A)-, alpha(2B...

Recombinant interferon beta-1b (INF-beta-1b) has been proven to be an effective means of treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Adverse reactions to interferon therapy have been well documented. The most common side effects are transient influenza-like symptoms, including fever, fatigue, nausea, and myalgia. Cutaneous necrosis has occasionally been reported, mostly involving smal...

human interferon β (inf-β) is a member of cytokines family which different studies have shown its immunomodulatory and antiviral activities. in this study an expression vector was designed and constructed for expression of human inf-β-1b either in shake flasks and bench top bioreactor. the designed vector was constructed based upon pet-25b(+) with t7 promoter. recombinant human beta interferon ...

The aim of the study was to analyze the usefulness and side effects of treatment with interferon beta 1B (Betaferon) in patients with the relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The study included 32 RRMS patients that had completed two-year therapy with interferon beta 1B or were still receiving this therapy. Every six months, patients were clinically evaluated and scored by the...

UNLABELLED Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterised with a complex system of interactions between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in its course. AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum levels of cytokines TNF-a, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 in female patients with MS and healthy individuals, ...

Disruption of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) due to endothelial cell (EC) injury is an essential step in formation of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. We investigated the role of endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis in the pathophysiology of MS, studying the therapeutic effect of IFN-beta-1b against MS sera-induced endothelial apoptosis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with sera f...