Through its ability to induce the enhanced release and production of cytokines, amyloid-beta is responsible for the chronic inflammatory response that contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Determining whether the response of monocytes to amyloid-beta stimulation is under genetic control may help understand the basis of why some people are more prone to develop neuronal degeneration than othe...

background: considering that cannabinoids protect neurons against neurodegeneration, in this study, the neuroprotective effect of win55,212-2 in paraoxon induced neurotoxicity in pc12 cells and the role of the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor were evaluated. materials and methods: in this study pc12 cells were maintained in dulbecco's modified eagle’s medium (dmem+f12) culture medium supple...

Aggregates of the hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) are an invariant neuropathological feature of tauopathies. Here, we show that microglial neuroinflammation promotes MAPT phosphorylation and aggregation. First, lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation promotes hyperphosphorylation of endogenous mouse MAPT in nontransgenic mice that is further enhanced in mi...

Within the brain, the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates illnessassociated neural, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses; however, its role in normal neurobehavioral processes is not clear. To examine the role of IL-1 signaling in memory, we infused Long–Evans rats intracerebroventricularly with IL-1b (10 ng/rat), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra, 100 mg/rat), or saline imme...

We have examined the binding of human and rodent interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) to the type II IL-1 receptor on the human B cell line, Raji, on the mouse pre-B cell line, 70Z/3, and on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Human IL-1ra binds to the receptors on the human B cells with an affinity (KD = 15 +/- 3 nM) equal to that of IL-1 alpha and only 15-fold lower than that of ...