Transparent motion stimuli allow us to investigate how visual motion is processed in the presence of multiple sources of information. We used stereo random-dot kinematograms to determine how motion processing is affected by the difference in direction and depth of two overlapping motion components. Observers judged whether a noise dot display contained one or two directions of motion. For all d...

The performance of the two types of vapor-injection (VI) cycles in a heat pump system is compared. The vaporinjection cycle using an internal heat exchanger (IHX) has a choice to select the branching point of the injection stream. The two VI cycles are different in terms of branching points of the injection stream. Different branching points of the injection stream influence the heating capacit...

A retroreflection (return-path) spectroscopic ellipsometer without a wave plate is described that uses an IR-transparent high-refractive-index hemicylindrical semiconductor substrate to measure the optical properties of aqueous solutions from multiple principal angles and multiple principal azimuths of attenuated internal reflection (AIR) at the semiconductor-solution interface. The pseudo-Brew...

An emerging notion in systems biology is that biological networks have evolved to function well while their components behave stochastically. Thus, the dynamics in a biological network consist of two parts, deterministic and stochastic. A fundamental question is to find a quantitative relation between the two parts. We term such a relation as a deterministic-stochastic principle (DSP) and propo...

Complex fractures of phalangeal bones in the hand are difficult to treat. External fixation is an effective method of treatment particularly when internal fixation is not possible due to comminution and associated soft tissue injury. A variety of commercial fixators are available for the treatment of hand fractures. However, these fixators are costly and need a sufficient degree of expertise an...

Limited data are available on the use of internal fixation in combat zone hospitals. The authors performed a retrospective review of 713 surgical cases during 2 Operation Enduring Freedom deployments to a Level III theater hospital in 2007 and 2009 to 2010. The epidemiology and short- to intermediate-term outcomes of patients treated with internal fixation devices were studied. The authors foun...

OBJECTIVE Evaluate safety and reliability of internal fixator for the treatment of intra-articular and periarticular distal femur fractures. METHODS Retrospective data evaluation of 28 patients with 29 fractures fixed with internal fixator was performed. There was a predominance of male patients (53.5%), with 52% of open wound fractures, 76% of AO33C type fractures, and a mean follow up of 21...