Abstract On-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuits had been built in IC chips to protect the devices and circuits against ESD damage. But, ESD protection circuits constructed with the scaled-down CMOS devices are very weak to ESD stress. Therefore, novel ESD protection solutions must be developed to overcome this reliability challenge for integrated circuits fabricated in the na...

Introduction: In this study, a specific combination (70% W 18.61% Ni and 11.39% C) of lead free and flexible putty metal is introduced and validated as internal shielding by Mont Carlo study Materials and Methods: To evaluate putty metal as an internal shielding by Mont Carlo study Varian 2100 C/D was validated within measurement and then by given energy spect...

This paper presents a real-time phase-domain synchronous machine model for generator protection relay testing and its real-time implementation. The model allows full protection scheme validation including split-phase differential and statorground fault protections. Space harmonics are considered through the use of modified winding function theory, which is used to represent arbitrary winding di...

Original scientific paper In this paper, the necessity of the protective relay of the micro-grid is described as the anti-islanding protection and Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT), and the fault characteristics of the renewable energy sources are analysed. The applicability of over-current protection, distance protection, differential protection, pilot protection, voltage protection and frequenc...

Power system overvoltages due to switching, lightning and other disturbances are the main problem for designers of the power transformers. Once some frequencies of the incoming surges match with some of the natural frequencies of transformer winding, the resonance phenomenon is expected in transformer winding. The resonant overvoltages may destroy the insulation between turns and cause to insul...

Thermal protection systems (TPS) are employed for spacecraft to survive high temperature conditions during atmospheric re-entry. For space shuttle type re-entries, the use of ceramic tiles shield the payload from exposure to these high heat fluxes. Recent research into the use of low-density materials, such as alumina foams, brings its own scientific challenges, of which understanding internal ...