FIGURE 8-12 International system of radiographic grading of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The severity of VUR is most frequently classified according to the International Grading System of Vesicoureteral Reflux, using a standardized technique for performance of voiding cystourethrography. The definitions of this system are illustrated in Figure 8-4 and are as follows. In grade I, reflux only int...

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of renal scars in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux taking into consideration the following variables: sex, age at diagnosis, febrile urinary infection, degree of reflux and bacteria specimen. METHOD Retrospective study of 58 children with age ranging from 2 months to 11 years, presenting primary vesicoureteral reflux detected by voiding cystoure...

A 29-year-old man developed paraplegia at T-10 level due to road traffic accident in 1972. Both kidneys were normal and showed good function on intravenous urography. Division of external urethral sphincter was performed in 1973. In 1974, cystogram showed retrograde filling of left renal tract, which was hydronephrotic. Left ureteric reimplantation was performed. Following surgery, cystogram re...

OBJECTIVE To determine use of early Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy in screening for vesicoureteral reflux following first febrile urinary tract infection. METHODS 43 children (1 mo-5 yr) with first febrile urinary tract infection underwent micturating cystourethrography, abdominal sonogram and early dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy. RESULTS Early dimercaptosuccinic acid sci...

OBJECTIVE A first febrile urinary tract infection leads to the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux in 20% to 40% of children. Systematic voiding cystourethrography then is recommended. However, for 60% to 80% of the children, voiding cystourethrography is a posteriori normal. Moreover, it is irradiating, painful, and expensive. Thus, selective approaches are needed. Because procalcitonin has bee...

Urinary tract infection is a common problem in the pediatric population. The signs and symptoms are nonspecific, particularly in the younger child. The role of vesicoureteral reflux in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis is incompletely understood. Approximately 40% of patients with upper urinary tract infection have vesicoureteral reflux. Urinary tract infection, unrecognized and inadequately t...

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic utility of interlobar renal arterial resistive index values, in predicting the presence of vesicoureteral reflux in children with sonographically normal appearing kidneys. Methods: We investigated 35 children with a history of urinary tract infection with grayscale and color Doppler ultrasound (US) followed by a standard voiding cystouretherog...

this study was conducted to investigate whether the length of the interval between a urinary tract infection and the performance of the voiding cystourethrogram influences the presence or severity of vesicoureteral reflux (vur). in this study 161 children with first episode of urinary tract infection were evaluated. depending on time of performance of voiding cystourethrogram (vcug), patients d...

PURPOSE Endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid is an option for primary vesicoureteral reflux. Few groups have assessed the rate of urinary tract infection after dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection. We reviewed our experience with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection, and determined the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative urinary tract infection. MATERIALS AND METH...