This is a tutorial on using type-indexed embedding/projection pairs when writing interpreters in statically-typed functional languages. The method allows (higher-order) values in the interpreting language to be embedded in the interpreted language and values from the interpreted language may be projected back into the interpreting one. This is particularly useful when adding command-line interf...

Because embedded interpreters offer flexibility and performance, they are becoming more prevalent, and can be found at nearly every level of the software stack. As one example, the Linux kernel defines languages to describe packet filtering rules and uses embedded interpreters to filter packets at run time. As another example, the RAR archive format allows embedding bytecode in compressed files...

The Java virtual machine (JVM) is usually implemented with an interpreter or just-in-time (JIT) compiler. JITs provide the best performance, but must be substantially rewritten for each architecture they are ported to. Interpreters are easier to develop and maintain, need less memory and can be ported to new architectures with almost no changes. The weakness of interpreters is that they are muc...

BACKGROUND It is important for physicians to recognize and address potential cross-cultural communication barriers with their patients. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of trained medical interpreters for ensuring effective patient-provider communication. Medical interpreters also represent an untapped source of insight into common communication problems. Such insights can contr...

The paper [EG03b] deals with two methods, which are used to reduce mispredictions of indirect branches in virtual machine interpreters. Interpreters designed for efficiency can spent a lot of their execution time recovering from misprediction of indirect branches. Branch target buffers is a common method of reducing mispredictions, however the accuracy of this method in existing interpreters is...